10/21

 　今日は曇りでした！

　今日は朝起きたら具合が悪いことが発覚したので、部屋に引きこもってました。本当なら学校に行って勉強したかったんですが。自室で頑張りました

　明日は試験です！　こっちに来てから初試験。うまくいくといいですが、ウーム覚えることが多すぎる。試験に必要なものもよくわからない。不安でなりませんね…でもなるようにしかなりませんね

1. modal and semi-modal verbs 

- modals: can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, must

- semi-modals: multiple construction

meaning category: possibility, prediction, necessity

two different meanings: personal, logical

2. negation

scope: local negation, clausal negation

type: not-negation, non-negation

3. dependent clause types 

finite: 

- complement clauses: that-clauses, wh-clauses

- adverbial clauses

- relative clauses

- comparative clauses

- peripheral clauses: reporting clauses, tag clauses

non-finite: 

- infinitive clauses

- ing-clauses 

- ed-participle clauses 

- supplement clauses 

- verbless clauses 

4. premodification

four major types: 

- Adj 

- ed-participle 

- ing-participle 

- N 

minor types: 

- genitive 

- AdvPs and other phrases 

- sentence 

relative sequence of premodifiers: 

I - Adjs with an absolute or intensifying meaning 

II - others

III - participles, colour

IV - nationality, 'relating to,' nouns

5. relative clauses 

- postmodifier in a NP 

- expand the meaning and specify the reference of the head noun

- introduced by a relativizer: which, who, whom, whose, that, where, when, why, zero relativizer 

- meaning: restrictive, non-restrictive 

6. main classes of adverbials 

- circumstance adverbials 

- stance adverbials 

- linking adverbials 

7. positions of adverbials 

- initial: main of linking adverbials 

- medial: main of stance adverbials 

- final: main of circumstance adverbials 

- other speaker's clause 

- no clause 

8. main grammatical ways of manipulating word order 

factors: 

- information-flow principle 

- principle of end-focus 

- principle of end-weight 

manipulating methods: 

- fronting 

- inversion: S-V inversion, S-operator inversion

- existential clauses 

- dislocation 

- clefting